Screenings earlier in a pregnancy may help detect Down syndrome and other birth defects.

New screening techniques make it possible for pregnant women to know their risks for chromosomal problems and birth defects such as Down syndrome earlier in their pregnancies. Dr. Pamela Yoder, associate professor of obstetrics and gynecology at SIU School of Medicine in Springfield, explains the screenings.

SOUND BITE: "We can also use ultra sound imaging and blood tests in certain facilities to look for the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in the first trimester. It's also exciting that we're able to provide information sequentially to patients about the risks for a chromosomal problem and offering a chance to have diagnostic testing in the first trimester or the early part of the second trimester."

Birth defects occur in about 5 percent of all pregnancies. The risk for chromosomal problems tend to increase with age and are more common after the age of 35, but they can occur with women in their 20's and early 30's. One type of birth defect, neural tube defects, are more common in patients with a family history of certain conditions such as diabetes. Although there are not usually any symptoms for birth defects, Dr. Yoder explain some warning signs a patient should be aware of that need to be checked by a physician.

SOUND BITE: "If a patient thinks that she is not as big as she should be. If there is any evidence of poor fetal growth on ultra sound imaging. If there's a decrease of fetal movement, those things can certainly signal the possibility for a birth defect."

If a birth defect is suspected by a physician, the patient will likely be referred to a maternal fetal or genetic specialist for an additional evaluation, counseling and various treatment options.